CHAPTER 1 Stories and Audiences ­ Tticated here was a time when tele­ vi ­ sion dramas ­ were considered less sophis- and lower quality than their cinematic counter­parts. In the early part of the 21st ­ century, this is not the case. Many tele­ vi ­ sion dramas are widely celebrated for their complicated and developed story lines, high production value, and diverse casts of talented actors. The distinc- tion between tele­vi­sion and film dramas has been blurred, as actors and directors typically associated with movie making are also engaged in tele­ vi­sion projects. For example, Martin Scorsese directed an episode of Boardwalk Empire (2010–2014), Gus Van Zant applied his directing tal- ent to Boss (2011–2012), and Steven Soderbergh produced and directed the entire first season of The Knick (2014–­present). In addition, actors with established film careers like Kevin Spacey, Robin Wright, Halle Berry, William H. Macy, Laura Dern, Matthew McConaughey, and Viola Davis, are starring on such tele­vi­sion dramas as House of Cards (2013– present), Extant (2014–­present), Shameless (2011–­present), Enlightened (2011–2013), True Detective (2014–­present), and How to Get Away with Murder (2014–2015). The new crossovers between the tele­ vi ­ sion and film industries can be attributed to changes in tele­vi­sion production practices and the success of par­tic­u­lar programs, many of them produced by the premium cable channel HBO, at the turn of the 21st ­ century. HBO turned its attention to the tele­vi­sion format in the late 1990s with its highly regarded prison drama Oz (1997–2003). The premium network’s comedy Sex and the City (1998–2004) followed, and in 1999, The Sopranos (1999–2007),
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