Chronology
1798 Napoleon invades Egypt and occupies it for three years.
1830 France occupies Algeria.
1848 Algeria administered as integral part of France.
1881 France occupies Tunisia, establishing a protectorate.
1882 Britain invades Egypt, establishing a de facto protectorate.
1914 Britain declares Egypt a protectorate after Ottomans join German side
in war.
1916 Sykes-Picot agreement assigning spheres of influence to Britain and
France.
1917 Britain issues the Balfour Declaration, supporting a Jewish homeland in
Palestine.
1922 Egypt gains nominal independence from Britain as protectorate ended.
1923 The republic of Turkey is declared, ending the Ottoman Empire.
Britain establishes a League of Nations Mandate over Palestine and
Transjordan.
France establishes a League of Nations Mandate over Syria and Lebanon.
1924 Turkey abolishes the office of the caliphate.
1931 Lebanese-American writer Jibran Khalil Jibran dies.
1932 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia declared, grouping Hejaz, Najd, Asir, and Ahsa.
Iraq becomes independent after 10 years under the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty.
1945 As World War II ends, Arab League is established in Egypt.
1948 Fighting follows British withdrawal from Palestine, State of Israel declared.
1952 Great fire of Cairo, destroys many colonial-era buildings, including
famous cabarets.
Military coup in Egypt, ends the monarchy in 1953, 1954 agreement
on British withdrawal.
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