Copyright © 2019 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in from the publisher. writing Every reasonable effort has been made to trace the owners of copyright materials in this book, but in some instances this has proven impossible. The editors and publishers will be glad to receive information leading to more complete acknowledgments in subsequent printings of the book and in the meantime extend their apologies for any omissions. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Vaporis, Constantine Nomikos, 1957- Title: Samurai : an encyclopedia of Japan’s cultured warriors / Constantine Nomikos Vaporis. Description: Santa Barbara, California : ABC-CLIO, 2019. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018045146 (print) | LCCN 2018045584 (ebook) | ISBN 9781440842719 (ebook) | ISBN 9781440842702 (hard copy : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Samurai—Encyclopedias. Classification: LCC DS827.S3 (ebook) | LCC DS827.S3 V36 2019 (print) | DDC 952/.025—dc23 LC rec ord available at https:// lccn . loc . gov2018045146 / ISBN: 978-1-4408-4270-2 (print) 978-1-4408-4271-9 (ebook) 23 22 21 20 19 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available as an eBook. ABC-CLIO An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC ABC-CLIO, LLC 147 Castilian Drive Santa Barbara, California 93117 www.abc-clio.com This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America