Introduction 13 act in the ways described. However, it must be emphasized that every one of us, including me and you, would be capable of doing the same under the appropriate circumstances. Nobody possesses an exclusive right to be violent. Every human being can be as violent as the Japanese soldiers tended to be in Nanjing, at Bataan, at the comfort stations, and beyond. We must be extremely careful in understanding how violence works to actively prevent it from spread- ing again the present book is just a minor step in achieving that, but it seeks to further explain and elaborate on the “how and why” of extreme violence during the wars in East and Southeast Asia between 1937 and 1945.