Copyright © 2019 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Every reasonable effort has been made to trace the owners of copyright materials in this book, but in some instances this has proven impossible. The editors and publishers will be glad to receive information leading to more complete acknowledgments in subsequent printings of the book and in the meantime extend their apologies for any omissions. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Pavlac, Brian Alexander, 1956– author. | Lott, Elizabeth S., author. Title: The Holy Roman Empire : a historical encyclopedia / Brian A. Pavlac and Elizabeth S. Lott. Description: First edition. | Santa Barbara, CA : ABC-CLIO, LLC, [2019] | Series: Empires of the world | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2018048886 (print) | LCCN 2018050642 (ebook) | ISBN 9781440848568 (ebook) | ISBN 9781440848551 (hardcopy : alk. paper) (set) | ISBN 9781440848575 (hardcopy : alk. paper) (vol. 1) | ISBN 9781440848582 (hardcopy : alk. paper) (vol. 2) Subjects: LCSH: Holy Roman Empire—History—Encyclopedias. | Germany—History— 1517–1871—Encyclopedias. | Austria—History—1519–1740—Encyclopedias. Classification: LCC DD125 (ebook) | LCC DD125 .L67 2019 (print) | DDC 943/.0203—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018048886 ISBN: 978-1-4408-4855-1 (set) 978-1-4408-4857-5 (vol. 1) 978-1-4408-4858-2 (vol. 2) 978-1-4408-4856-8 (ebook) 23 22 21 20 19 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available as an eBook. ABC-CLIO An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC ABC-CLIO, LLC 147 Castilian Drive Santa Barbara, California 93117 www . abc - clio . com This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America