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viii Preface Part I of this book reviews empirical research that reveals the major con- tributors to physical attractiveness. Chapter 1 breaks down the individual aspects that constitute objective and subjective beauty. These range from traits such as symmetrical proportions of the body and face, and signs of youth and health, to interpersonal traits such as personality, ambition, and familiarity. Once beauty is defined, Chapter 2 explores the biological and social benefits of possessing such traits. Chapter 3 assesses the research on how individuals of average attractiveness can make themselves more beau- tiful and the impact such changes have on reaping the benefits of beauty. Chapter 4 looks at changes in standards of attractiveness throughout time and the media’s impact on beauty trends in the Unites States. Chapter 5 examines the role of evolution on attraction and relationships. Chapter 6 assesses how attractiveness impacts relationship satisfaction and longevity, and Chapter 7 analyzes the psychological effects that result from the quest to meet beauty standards. In Part II, specific body parts are examined to assess the research on what makes each attractive. Part II also includes cultural sidebars that examine specific and conflicting beauty trends in cultures around the world and throughout history.