vi |  Contents
Pre-Columbian Civilizations 53
Reform and Empire 55
The Viceroyalty of New Spain 57
Chapter 3: Government and Politics 61
Overview 61
Branches of Government 63
Constitution of 1917 65
Elections and the Electoral System 66
Foreign Policy 69
Mexican Drug Cartels 70
Military 74
Nationalism 76
Parastatal Agencies 78
Political Parties 80
Presidentialism and Centralism 84
State and Municipal Government 86
U.S.-Mexican Relations 87
#YoSoy132 90
Chapter 4: Economy 93
Overview 93
Agriculture 95
Bolsa Mexicana de Valores (Mexican Stock Market) 98
CANACINTRA 99
Currency and Exchange Rates 101
Drug Trafficking 102
Industry and Manufacturing 104
Maquiladoras 105
Migration and Remittances 106
Oportunidades/Progresa 108
Petroleum and PEMEX 109
Slim, Carlos 110
Statism 112
Trade Policy and NAFTA 114
Chapter 5: Religion and Thought 117
Overview 117
Catholicism 119
Cristeros 120
Juan Diego and the Virgin of Guadalupe 122
Paz, Octavio 124
Ramos, Samuel 125
Ruíz, Samuel 126
Zea, Leopoldo 128
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