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Preface xi Evaluating and Interpreting Primary Documents xiii Chronology xv Introduction xix Chapter 1 First Century 1 Introduction 1 1. The Thanksgiving Psalms, Dead Sea Scrolls 2 2. Some Accounts of the Crucifixion of Jesus from the New Testament (Mark and Luke) 5 3. Anti-Jewish Texts from the New Testament, New Revised Standard Version 10 4. Suetonius, The Lives of the Twelve Caesars, Life of Nero, 34–37 14 5. Josephus, Jewish Wars, 5.11.1–2, 4–5 19 6. Josephus, Jewish Wars, 5.5.4–6: A Description of the Temple Holy of Holies 23 7. Eusebius, Church History, 3.17–20 on Domitian and Roman History, by Cassius Dio, 67.14, 1–3 27 Chapter 2 Second Century 33 Introduction 33 8. Clement of Rome, The First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians, 1–9 33 9. Epistle of Barnabas, 1–4 38 10. Shepherd of Hermas, Book 2, Chapter 1–4 43 11. Justin Martyr, Dialogue with Trypho, 1–2, 8–9 48 12. Tertullian, To the Martyrs 54 13. Tertullian, On Prayer, 2–8 59 14. Tatian, Diatessaron 64 15. Clement of Alexandria, On the Salvation of the Rich Man, Chapters 1–5 68 16. Irenaeus, Against Heresies, Preface 1–3 and Book 3.1–3.2 72 17. The Passion of the Scillitan Martyrs 76 18. The Gospel According to Peter 79 Chapter 3 Third Century 85 Introduction 85 19. Against Celsus by Origen, 1.38–41 85 20. Origen, Against Celsus II (on the resurrection of the body), 5.14, 18–19, 23 89 Contents