John Adams | 9 dignity of his own great character.” Washington was much more of a partisan than he realized, but his decision to resist engaging in partisan attacks of his own helped to establish a level of legitimacy for the government that made peaceful partisan conflict possible. Karen Hoffman Further Reading Ellis, Joseph J. His Excellency: George Washington. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2004. Lodge, Henry Cabot. “Washington as Party Man.” In George Washington, Book 2. New Rochelle, NY: Arlington House, 1970. McDonald, Forrest. “Treaties and Intrigue, 1795–1796.” In The Presidency of George Wash- ington. Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1974. Phelps, Glenn A. “George Washington and the Paradox of Party.” Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol. 19, No. 4 (Fall 1989): 733–745. Rosenfeld, Richard N. American Aurora: A Democratic-Republican Returns. New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 1997. Saven, William Guthrie. “George Washington’s ‘Unmannerly’ Behavior: The Clash between Civility and Honor.” The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 107, No. 1 (Winter 1999): 5–36. Tagg, James D. “Benjamin Franklin Bache’s Attack on George Washington.” The Pennsyl- vania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 100, No. 2 (April 1976): 191–230. Tebbel, John, and Sarah Miles Watts. The Press and the Presidency: From George Washing- ton to Ronald Reagan. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. Viles, Jonas, ed. George Washington: Letters and Addresses. New York: Sun Dial Classics, 1909. 2. John Adams Born: October 30, 1735 Died: July 4, 1826 Time in Office: Second President of the United States, March 4, 1797, to March 4, 1801 Election Results: 1796 Election: 71 (51.4%) Electoral College votes 1800 Election: 68 (49.3%) Electoral College votes Spouse: Abigail Smith (m. 1764) Children: Abigail, John Quincy, Susanna, Charles, Thomas, and Elizabeth John Adams was born in Braintree, Mas sa chusetts, on October 30, 1735, and died on July 4, 1826, the 50th anniversary of the adoption of the Declaration of Indepen dence and the same day as his longtime friend and political rival, Thomas Jefferson.