v Contents Series Foreword xi Acknowledgments xiii Introduction xv Chapter 1: Geography 1 Overview 1 Administrative and Territorial Subdivisions 3 Cities 5 Climate 7 Historical Sites 8 Mountains 9 Natural Resources and Environment 11 North and South 13 Overseas France 14 Paris 16 Population 18 Regional Identities 21 Rivers 24 Transportation 25 Selected Bibliography 26 Chapter 2: History 31 Overview 31 Timeline 38 Charlemagne and the Carolingian Dynasty 52 Clemenceau (Georges) and World War I 53 Clovis and the Merovingian Dynasty 54 De Gaulle (Charles), World War II, and the Fifth Republic 56 Ferry (Jules) and the Third Republic 59 Francis I and the Renaissance 61 Joan of Arc and the Hundred Years’ War 62 Louis IX and the Capetian Dynasty 63
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