Copyright © 2020 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Anishchenkova, Valerie, author. Title: Modern Saudi Arabia / Valerie Anishchenkova. Description: Santa Barbara, California : ABC-CLIO, [2020] | Series: Understanding modern nations | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2019056369 (print) | LCCN 2019056370 (ebook) | ISBN 9781440857041 (cloth alk. paper) | ISBN 9781440857058 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Saudi Arabia—Encyclopedias. Classification: LCC DS204 .A673 2020 (print) | LCC DS204 (ebook) | DDC 953.80503—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019056369 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019056370 ISBN: 978-1-4408-5704-1 (print) 978-1-4408-5705-8 (ebook) 24 23 22 21 20 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available as an eBook. ABC-CLIO An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC ABC-CLIO, LLC 147 Castilian Drive Santa Barbara, California 93117 www.abc-clio.com This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America