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Contents Acknowledgments xi Introduction xiii VOLUME 1 Antiquity through the 18th Century Part 1 Antiquity through the Middle Ages William H. York 1 Key Factors in Health and Wellness 3 Health and Disease in History 3 Health, Disease, and the Body 4 Health and Social Well-Being 15 2 Education and Training 17 Medical Learning in the Ancient Near East 17 Medical Learning in the Ancient Greek and Roman World 21 Medical Learning in India: The Written Tradition of Ayurveda 24 Medical Learning in China 27 Medical Learning in the Islamic World 29 Medical Learning in Medieval Europe 32 3 Religion and Medicine 37 Faith, Magic, and Healing in Mesopotamia and Egypt 37 Religious and Naturalistic Medicine in Ancient Greece 41 Medicine and Religion in India and China 42 Faith Healing in the Islamic and Christian Traditions 46 4 Women’s Health 51 Gynecology: Women’s Bodies and Women’s Diseases 51 Obstetrics: Managing Pregnancy and Childbirth 58 5 Infant and Children’s Health 67 Aging and the Life Cycle in Premodern Medical Theories 67 Pediatric Medicine 68