Print

Antisocial Personality Disorder 3 1891 German physician Julius Koch introduced the term psycho- pathic inferiority. 1904 The Royal Commission on the Care and Control of the Feeble Minded proposed that the “moral imbecile” should become an additional category of patients to whom care and control should be extended. 1905 Kraepelin replaced inferiority with personality and defined the psychopathic personality, which included seven types. 1913 The “Moral Defective” became a category incorporated into the Mental Deficiency Act. 1932 Schneider, a German psychiatrist, extended the classifica- tion of psychopathy to include 10 subclassifications. 1939 Scottish psychiatrist David Henderson defined three types of psychopaths: the predominantly inadequate psychopath, the predominantly aggressive psychopath, and the creative psychopath. 1941 Hervey Cleckley described psychopathic personality char- acteristics in his book The Mask of Sanity: An Attempt to Reinterpret the So-Called Psychopathic Personality, offi- cially replaced by sociopathic personality. 1968 The designation “sociopathic personality” was replaced by “personality disorder, antisocial type.” The words “socio- path” and “antisocial” refer to reactions against society and rejection of its rules and obligations (Black, 2013). 1980 The designation was changed to “antisocial personality dis- order” in DSM-III. 1991 Robert Hare developed the Psychopathy Checklist (Revised), PCL-R. History In the early 19th century, French psychiatrist Philippe Pinel observed patients exhibiting explosive and irrational violence while, at the same time, seeming to understand their actions and surroundings. They did not display delusions and hallucinations generally associated with insan- ity. Pinel used the term “manie sans delire”—mania without delirium— to describe his observations (Black, 2013). In 1835 English physician James Prichard formulated a new term, moral insanity, to define a morbid perversion of the natural human feel- ings (Castillo, 2003).