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12 Personality Disorders It was a whirlwind romance. Robert insisted on seeing Sandra daily— any day without her would be a lost day, he said. Robert told Sandra that he was divorcing his wife, who had made his life miserable. Until now he stayed in the marriage because of their two children. Currently he sought refuge with a friend because his ex-wife had moved all the money from their joint bank account into a secret individual account just before the divorce. Robert was heartbroken because he could not have visitation with his children in his current situation. Sandra, although disappointed about dating an almost divorced man, could not help empathizing with his sad situation and being impressed by Robert’s devotion to his children. After meeting Robert’s friend, who corroborated Robert’s story, San- dra let Robert move into her two-bedroom condominium, providing space for visitation with his children—after all, Robert wanted to get married as soon as the divorce was final. Before that, Robert needed money to replace some of his clothes and personal items—things his wife had destroyed in a fit of anger. Six months into the relationship, Robert stayed away some nights. As he explained, sometimes he stayed with his friend because from there, he could walk the children home after being with them or he stayed with the children in their home, taking care of them during his ex-wife’s absence. Robert always apologized and promised to try other solutions. In the end Sandra learned that there had been no divorce, and Robert did not return to his wife as he told Sandra when he finally left, he had found another target. Theory and Research Explorations of associations with ASPD have focused on comparisons of identical and nonidentical (fraternal) twins and on adoption stud- ies. As mentioned earlier, twin studies, meant to discern between genetic and environmental effects, have reported significant genetic influences on antisocial behavior (Baker et al., 2006). Theoretically, nonidentical twins share only half of their genes, so a completely genetic disorder could be found in both twins about 50 percent of the time, whereas its concordance rate in identical twins would be close to 100 percent. Combined results of twin studies of antisocial behavior have shown con- cordance rates of 67 percent in identical twins and 31 percent in noni- dentical twins, thus supporting genetic theories of causation (Brennan & Mednick, 1993).