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Contents How to Use This Book ix Introduction xi 1 History of Muslims on American Soil 1 Q1. Did the fi rst American Muslims arrive as slaves? 1 Q2. Did the U.S. Founding Fathers encourage the migration of Muslims to American soil? 4 Q3. Was a “Muslim nation” the fi rst nation in the world to recognize the independence of the United States? 11 Q4. Does the United States have a history of passing legislation to prevent Muslims from migrating to American soil or gaining U.S. citizenship? 13 Q5. Did African American Muslims play a vital role in the emergence and success of the civil rights movement in the 20th century? 20 2 Demographics and Diversity 31 Q6. Are Muslims in the United States a diverse population in terms of ethnicity, culture, and religious identities? 31 Q7. Are American Muslims well educated, and have they contributed to scientifi c progress in the United States? 38 Q8. Do some organizations appear to reap fi nancial benefi ts from anti-Muslim rhetoric and messaging? 43