Print

8 Terrorist Criminal Enterprises Terrorism: The Rise of Armed Entrepreneurs,” Studies in Confl ict and Terrorism 31 (2008) 481–498 Phil Williams, “Terrorist Financing and Organized Crime: Nexus, Appropriation or Transformation?” in Countering the Financing of Terrorism , ed. Thomas Biersteker and Susan Eckert (London: Routledge, 2008), 126–149 Louise Shelley, Dirty Entanglements Crime Corruption and Terrorism (New York: Cambridge Press, 2014) Colin Clarke, Terrorism Inc: The Financing of Terrorism, Insurgency, and Irregular Warfare (Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2015). 3 . Tamara Makarenko, “The Crime-Terror Continuum: Tracing the Interplay between Transnational Organised Crime and Terrorism,” Global Crime 6, no. 1 (2004), 129–145. 4 . Kimberley L. Thachuk, “Organized Crime and National Security: Globaliza- tion’s Sinister Underbelly,” in The Global Century: Globalization and National Security , ed. Richard Kugler and Ellen Frost (Washington, DC: National Defense University, 2000), 743–760. 5 . See, for example, Phil Williams, “Terrorism and Organized Crime: Con- vergence, Nexus or Transformation,” in FOA Report on Terrorism , ed. Gunnar Jervas (Stockholm: Swedish Defence Research Establishment, 1998), 69–91 Svante Cornell, “Narcotics, Radicalism and Armed Confl ict: The Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan,” Terrorism and Political Violence 17 (2005), 577–597 Lal, “South Asian Organized Crime and Terrorist Networks,” 293–302 Louise I. Shelley, John T. Pi- carelli, Allison Irby, Douglas M. Hart, Patricia A. Craig-Hart, Phil Williams, Steven Simon, Nabi Abdullaev, Bartosz Stanislawski, and Laura Covill, Methods and Mo- tives: Exploring Links between Transnational Organized Crime and International Ter- rorism (Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice, 2005) Chris Dishman, “The Leaderless Nexus: When Crime and Terror Converge,” Studies in Confl ict and Ter- rorism 28, no. 3 (2005), 237–252 John Rollins and Liana Sun Wyler, International Ter- rorism and Transnational Crime: Foreign Policy Issues for Congress (Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service, 2013) Vanessa Neumann, “Grievance to Greed: The Global Convergence of the Crime-Terror Threat,” Foreign Policy Research Insti- tute (Spring 2013), 251–267 John T. Picarelli, “Osama bin Corleone? Vito the Jackal? Framing Threat Convergence through an Examination of Transnational Orga- nized Crime and International Terrorism,” Terrorism and Political Violence 24 (2014), 180–198 Tamara Makarenko and Michael Mesquita, “Categorising the Crime– Terror Nexus in the European Union,” Global Crime 15, nos. 3–4 (2014), 259–274 Tamara Makarenko, “Foundations and Evolution of the Crime-Terror Nexus,” in Routledge Handbook of Transnational Organized Crime , ed. Felia Allum and Stan Gilmour (New York: Routledge, 2015), 234–249 Tuesday Reitano, Colin Clarke, and Laura Adal, Examining the Nexus between Organised Crime and Terrorism and Its Implications for EU Programming (Brussels: CT Morse—Counterterrorism Moni- toring, Reporting and Support Mechanism, 2016). http://globalinitiative.net/wp- content/uploads/2017/04/oc-terror-nexus-fi nal.pdf. 6 . Abdelmalek Alaoui, “The Secret of Al Qaeda in Islamic Maghreb Inc.: A Re- silient (and Highly Illegal) Business Model,” Forbes , December 16, 2013, https:// www.forbes.com/sites/kerryadolan/2013/12/16/the-secret-of-al-qaeda-in-is lamic-maghreb-inc-a-resilient-and-highly-illegal-business-model/#23089116475e. 7 . Annette Bohr and Gareth Price, Regional Implications of Afghanistan’s Tran- sitions, Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan (London: Chatham House, December 2015), 8. 8 . “Pakistan’s Militant Drift: Taliban All Over,” The Economist , April 12, 2007, http://www.economist.com/node/9008911.