1919–1920 Anti-Bolshevik paranoia turns into mass hysteria and deportations of alien radicals that is known as the Red Scare. 1920s Harlem on New York City’s Upper West Side becomes a mecca of black cultural and intellectual life. Marcus Garvey’s Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) becomes the largest and most prominent social organization in Harlem. Promoting a program rooted in nativism, racism, anti- Catholicism, and anti-Semitism, a revitalized Ku Klux Klan is able to attract nearly four million members until scandal hastened its decline in 1925. Prohibition settles in as national policy and triggers a debate over its merits. 1920 The Nineteenth Amendment granting women the right to vote is ratified. The League of Women Voters is founded. The Department of Justice conducts the “Palmer Raids” (named after Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer) as part of its campaign to round up and deport suspected alien radicals. Radio station KDKA launches the first commercial radio broadcast from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. TIMELINE
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