1960 February 1: Sit-in protests against segregation begin in Greensboro, North Carolina, as four African American students remain at the lunch counter of a Woolworth’s store that refuses to serve them. March 23: Elvis Presley is discharged from the Army after two years’ service as a draftee stationed in Germany. May 1: Gary Powers, a pilot flying a U-2 reconnaissance jet for the Cen- tral Intelligence Agency, is shot down by the Soviet Union and cap- tured alive. June 23: The first birth control pill (after decades of development) is approved by the Federal Drug Administration, though “the pill” had already been in use, putatively for other purposes, for three years. September 26: The first televised presidential debate, between Vice President Richard Nixon and Senator John Kennedy, takes place in Chi- cago. Three others would follow before the November election. November 9: Senator John Kennedy beats Vice President Richard Nixon in a close presidential election. 1961 January 20: John Fitzgerald Kennedy is inaugurated as the 35th presi- dent of the United States, declaiming “Ask not what your country can do for you—ask what you can do for your country.” March 1: The Peace Corps is established through an executive order by President Kennedy, who named Sargent Shriver as director. April 16: The invasion sponsored by the Central Intelligence Agency at Cuba’s Bay of Pigs begins, the actual landing taking place during the early hours of April 17. The failing attempt, and its air support, would last until April 20. Timeline
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