Contents Introduction ix 1 Creating the Line 1 Documents Speech of Representative Abraham Lincoln (Whig-IL) on Mexican War, January 12, 1848 9 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848 13 Gadsden Purchase Treaty, 1853–1854 17 Early Newspaper Report on the Potential Riches in the Mines of Southern Arizona Near the Mexican Border, 1879 21 2 Civil War Border Strategy 24 Document General Grant Orders General Sheridan to Protect Border, 1865, Memoirs of General Philip Sheridan 31 3 Border Unrest 37 Documents Juan Cortina and the Case against Texas, 1859 47 Letter of Territorial Governor of Arizona to Attorney General of the United States on Border Vio lence in Arizona Territory, 1881 50 Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882 51 Report of Brigadier General George Crook, 1883 55 4 Boom Towns along the Border 60 Documents James Douglas and Railroad Construction: Extract from His Unpublished Autobiography 69