1 A Adware Adware is a form of software that automatically generates online advertise- ments on computers or mobile devices. The ads may take the form of pop-up win­dows, banners, or ads that appear within or alongside apps, such as news­ papers, social media, and e-­mail. Adware may also be downloaded covertly when a user visits an infected website and downloads ­free tools like widgets, toolbars, or wall­papers. Once downloaded, ­these ads then generate revenue ­either from their display on websites such as Facebook or Gmail or from the so-­called pay-­per-­click model, in which clicks by users on the advertised websites produce “per-­click” revenue for the person who put the adware onto the users’ computers. Adware may also be a form of malware if it produces unwanted ads that take the form of pop-­ups, vid- eos, or win­dows that cannot be closed. ­ These adware programs may also hijack start or search pages on browsers, directing users to unwanted websites. Many anti- virus and malware products are available to deter or reduce this type of unauthor- ized adware. Users may avoid adware when legitimate software offers both a ­ free version with ads and one that requires a license code or purchase. ­ Free versions, which may include ­ free software or shareware, may collect users’ personal information and/or browsing habits in order to target ads. Gathered ­either with or without users’ consent, this information may be sold to third parties. Software that requires ­either a license code or purchase is generally ad free.­ Wendy Quiñones See also: Malware Further Reading “Adware.” TrendMicro. n.d. https://­www​ . ­ trendmicro​ . ­ com​ / ­ vinfo​ / ­ us / ­ security​ / ­ definition​ / ­ adware Landesman, Mary. “What Are Adware and Spyware? How Miscreant Apps Increase the Cost of ‘­Free’ Software.” Lifewire. March 12, 2018. https://­www​.­lifewire​.­com​/­what​-­are​ -­adware​-­and​-­spyware​-­153403 Rouse, Margaret. “Definition: Adware.” https://­searchsecurity​.­techtarget​.­com​/­definition​ /­adware
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