1 A Adware Adware is a form of software that automatically generates online advertise- ments on computers or mobile devices. The ads may take the form of pop-up windows, banners, or ads that appear within or alongside apps, such as news papers, social media, and e-mail. Adware may also be downloaded covertly when a user visits an infected website and downloads free tools like widgets, toolbars, or wallpapers. Once downloaded, these ads then generate revenue either from their display on websites such as Facebook or Gmail or from the so-called pay-per-click model, in which clicks by users on the advertised websites produce “per-click” revenue for the person who put the adware onto the users’ computers. Adware may also be a form of malware if it produces unwanted ads that take the form of pop-ups, vid- eos, or windows that cannot be closed. These adware programs may also hijack start or search pages on browsers, directing users to unwanted websites. Many anti- virus and malware products are available to deter or reduce this type of unauthor- ized adware. Users may avoid adware when legitimate software offers both a free version with ads and one that requires a license code or purchase. Free versions, which may include free software or shareware, may collect users’ personal information and/or browsing habits in order to target ads. Gathered either with or without users’ consent, this information may be sold to third parties. Software that requires either a license code or purchase is generally ad free. Wendy Quiñones See also: Malware Further Reading “Adware.” TrendMicro. n.d. https://www . trendmicro . com / vinfo / us / security / definition / adware Landesman, Mary. “What Are Adware and Spyware? How Miscreant Apps Increase the Cost of ‘Free’ Software.” Lifewire. March 12, 2018. https://www.lifewire.com/what-are -adware-and-spyware-153403 Rouse, Margaret. “Definition: Adware.” https://searchsecurity.techtarget.com/definition /adware