Copyright © 2019 by ABC-­CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or other­wise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Library of Congress Cataloging-­in-­Publication Data Names: Steed, Brian L., author. Title: ISIS: the essential reference guide / Brian L. Steed. Description: Santa Barbara, California: ABC-­CLIO, [2019] | Includes bibliographical ­ references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2019014485 (print) | LCCN 2019016163 (ebook) | ISBN 9781440864629 (ebook) | ISBN 9781440864612 (hardback: alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: IS (Organ­ization) | Terrorism—­Iraq. | Terrorism—­Middle East. | Terrorism—­Religious aspects—­Islam. Classification: LCC HV6433.I722 (ebook) | LCC HV6433.I722 I8555 2019 (print) | DDC 363.325—­dc23 LC rec­ord available at https://­lccn​ . ­ loc​ . ­ gov​ / ­ 2019014485 ISBN: 978-1-4408-6461-2 (print) 978-1-4408-6462-9 (ebook) 23 22 21 20 19 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available as an eBook. ABC-­CLIO An Imprint of ABC-­CLIO, LLC ABC-­CLIO, LLC 147 Castilian Drive Santa Barbara, California 93117 www​.­abc​-­clio​.­com This book is printed on acid-­free paper Manufactured in the United States of Amer­i­ca ­ Every reasonable effort has been made to trace the ­ owners of copyright materials in this book, but in some instances this has proven impossible. The editors and publishers ­ will be glad to receive information leading to more complete acknowl­edgments in subsequent printings of the book and in the meantime extend their apologies for any omissions. Disclaimer All opinions and suppositions expressed in this work are entirely ­those of the author and in no way reflect the positions, opinions, or policies of the U.S. Army, the U.S. Department of Defense, or any official or agency of the U.S. government.
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