8 Combating Plagiarism number of results returned, often in the millions. Other challenges for using web pages ethically for academic purposes are as follows: The author is often not listed. The publisher is often hard to find on web pages. Web pages do not have page numbers. The only exception is scholarly journal articles found through Google Scholar or similar sites. Web pages cannot be easily stored over the time of the research pro- cess except through the Favorites option on a web browser. Web pages can be moved or removed at any time. THE NEW SKILL SET REQUIRED BY DIGITAL SOURCES Digital information requires a new skill set to avoid plagiarism. Stu- dents, without instruction, have little ability to avoid plagiarism in aca- demic work. There is a scattering of worksheets, videos, and lesson plans in place on the Internet. This type of instruction is not delivered in an orga- nized fashion in high school or at the university level. Colleges and univer- sities often have web pages, guides, tutorials, and explanations on their websites about paraphrasing, citations, and plagiarism education advice. Students who plagiarize in high school because of a lack of education in this area will likely plagiarize in college. Here is a list of the required skills for students. Citations The three major citation-style books can be challenging for some high school and early college students to use. Now, there are so many possible digital sources (images, web pages, social media, personal interviews, e-books, videos, etc.) to use and manage. Sometimes, the needed example for the source is not in the book. Online citation tools have revolutionized this process, but to use these tools effectively, students need to understand sources well enough to be accurate. It is necessary to understand the rela- tionship between the full citation of a source and the parenthetical citation or footnote. Citation Tools Research databases now generate a citation. With the often-complicated publication cycle of research database articles, this is a great advantage for
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