Chronology c.3000–900 BCE Canaanites inhabit Palestine west of the Jordan River, coastal Lebanon, and south- ern Syria c.1450–1150 BCE Egypt rules Canaan c.1200–1100 BCE Philistines and Jews settle in the Palestine region of Canaan c.1050 BCE United Kingdom of Israel established first Jewish temple built in Jerusalem c.930 BCE United Kingdom of Israel splits into the northern Kingdom of Israel and southern Kingdom of Judah 722 BCE Assyrian Empire conquers the Kingdom of Israel 586 BCE Babylonian Empire conquers the Kingdom of Judah Jews exiled to Babylon 539–140 BCE Persians conquer Babylon, permit Jews to return to southern Palestine Jewish Temple rebuilt Palestine ruled by Persian and Greek dynasties until the revolt of the Maccabees in 140 BCE 140–63 BCE Maccabees create the Hasmonean dynasty and restore Jewish in de pen dence until the Roman conquest in 63 BCE, when Palestine is incorporated into the province of Judea 63 BCE–638 CE Palestine ruled by the Roman or Byzantine Empire 66–73 CE Jewish Zealots rebel against Romans, hold out at Masada until 73 Romans destroy Jerusalem and Jewish Temple in the pro cess of restoring rule
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