xiii Chronology ca. 700,000–200,000 BCE Early humans (Homo erectus pekinensis), known as Peking Man, reside in limestone caves in the Zhoukoudian area. ca. 18,000 BCE Modern humans (Homo sapiens), known as Upper Cave Man, live in the caves of hilltops in the Zhoukoudian area. ca. 10,000–2000 BCE Neolithic societies are present in the modern Beijing area. 1045 BCE Beijing is founded as the city of Ji. It becomes the capital of Ji, a vassal state of the Zhou Dynasty (1046–256 BCE). 865 BCE Yan’s verifiable chronicles begin. ca. Seventh century BCE Yan conquers Ji and moves its capital to the city of Ji, at the site of today’s central Beijing. 697 BCE Yan moves its capital south because of raids by nomads. 657 BCE Yan moves its capital back to the city of Ji. 475–222 BCE Yan contends for hegemony during the Warring States period. 226 BCE Qin conquers Yan and destroys the city of Ji.
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