Acknowledgments This book started as an exposé of a single case—the 1955 Tee-Hit-Ton deci- sion. As I parsed Stanley Reed’s disingenuous opinion and excavated the papers filed by the Tee-Hit-Ton and the United States, I realized the focus would broaden and deepen. As I wrote, I reached out to other writers for advice. Friends and colleagues in the Five College Native American and Indige- nous Studies program helped me. Barry O’Connell, a partner in founding the program years ago, encouraged me to hone my writing to keep nonlawyer, nonacademic readers in mind his critiques of early drafts and our ongoing conversations were a major help. Lisa Brooks reviewed a separate essay on an early version of the theoretical critique of sovereignty and exception. Manu- ela Picq offered the opportunity to publish that essay with the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Religious and Ethnic Diversity she became a close reader of my writing. Alice Nash provided me with opportunities to present my thinking to Native Studies teachers from across the country at National Endowment for the Humanities Summer Institutes, organized in conjunction with Linda Coombs, an Aquinnah Wampanoag author and filmmaker. The teachers’ lively responses greatly encouraged me. Beyond the Five Colleges, Ali Watson, professor of international relations, and her research partner, Bennett Collins at the University of St. Andrews, Scotland, provided a forum for me to present my thoughts at a workshop held at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Washington, D.C., and encouraged me to keep writing. Peter Reich, a friend since college, helped me move past legalese he also told me that a writer’s discipline is to “apply the seat of the pants to the seat of the chair.” T. R. Rosenberg, who testified as an expert witness in the case to protect access to Native spiritual practices in Massachusetts prisons, also helped me write clearly. Robert Maxim II, Mashpee Wampanoag (the nephew of Michael Maxim, one of the defendants in the fishing rights case) and a researcher at the Brookings