x Chronology of Events The fi rst “contraband” fugitives seek asylum behind Union lines at Fortress Monroe, Virginia. 1863 The Emancipation Proclamation frees all slaves in the rebel- lious states. 1864 Congress repeals slave laws. Slave abductor Calvin Fairbank is released from a Kentucky prison after 13 years and 30,000 lashes. 1865 The Thirteenth Amendment, which outlaws slavery, is ratifi ed. 1870 The Fifteenth Amendment, granting voting privileges to black men, is ratifi ed. Stationmasters Levi Coffi n in Cincinnati and George De- Baptiste in Detroit declare the Underground Railroad offi cially shut down.
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