viii CONTENTS Desalination Dredging Electricity, Lighting, and Lighthouses European Law and Treaties Exploration International Environmental Laws and Treaties International Security International Shipping, Trade Laws and Treaties International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea Law of the Sea North American Laws and Treaties Off shore Structures Piracy Pollution Port Operations Privateering Reefs and Building Artifi cial Marine Habitat Research Organizations Research Vessels and Missions (before ) Research Vessels and Missions (-Present) Salvage Sea Level Changes Shipping and Shipbuilding, Government Policy Impact Storm and Flood Control Trade and Transportation (pre-th century) Trade and Transportation (th–th centuries) Trade and Transportation (th–th centuries) Chronology Glossary Index