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first-class cricket: matches of two innings that are usually played over three or more days, between teams that the MCC ranks as ‘‘first class’’ fives: an enclosed court sport, similar to modern-day handball football: called ‘‘soccer’’ in the United States, the game that is governed by the Football Association. Rugby was also called ‘‘football,’’ or ‘‘rugby football,’’ but by the early-twentieth century, the word ‘‘football’’ was usually dropped, with the game called just ‘‘rugby.’’ game laws: laws that restricted the right to hunt and shoot certain animals hacking: in mainly rugby football, the kicking of the opponent’s shins Highland Games: traditional Scottish games, that include tossing the caber (log) hurling: Irish stick-and-ball sport leaping head: a second pommel added to the sidesaddle in about 1830 Jockey Club: the regulating body of English horseracing Lord’s: cricket field in London that is home to the MCC Muscular Christianity: a movement linking physical vigor and religious faith Old Boys: alumni of prestigious public schools and Oxford and Cambridge pall mall: outdoor lawn game in which balls are hit with mallets towards targets pedestrianism: walking contests, usually over long distances and sometimes under unusual or bizarre circumstances prize-fighting: boxing for prizes, usually bare-fisted, without gloves public house: a tavern licensed to sell alcohol on the premises nicknamed ‘‘pub,’’ it is owned or managed by a publican public schools: elite historic boarding schools in England and modeled elsewhere pugilism: boxing and wrestling Ranji: nickname for eminent Indian cricketer, Prince K. S. Ranjitsinhji ratting: contest in a pit in which a dog tries to kill as many rats as possible regatta: boat race, or series of boat races ride to hounds: foxhunt rounders: stick-and ball sport, from which American baseball developed Sabbatarianism: evangelical opposition to all but religious activity on the Sabbath Test match: international cricket match between England and countries to which the MCC had awarded test status based on the level of skill of their best teams. In the nineteenth century, only Australia and South Africa were awarded Test status. trudgen: overhand swimming stroke (later, in modified form, known as ‘‘Australian crawl’’) turnen: German gymnastics wicket: the three stumps with crosspiece (‘‘bail’’), with one wicket at each end of the cricket pitch (the center part of the cricket field) xxiv Glossary