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How Jackal Became an Outcast The following narrative is said to have been brought directly from Africa. In it, Jackal plays the role of a trickster who uses his superior wit to manipulate Lion by appealing first to the stronger animal’s vanity and later to his gullibility. Jackal, however, does not temper his wit with morality. This flaw leads to disaster both for the Jackal of this tale and for his descendants forever after. The Jackal and the Lion were hunting in the jungle. ‘‘Brother Lion,’’ said the Jackal, ‘‘the young elephant we seek is a good distance away. Well, it is not so far away either, but you see it will run around and around and in and out, and that will make the distance long. I see that you have a sore foot, and so long a journey might cost you your life. It would be a pity to lose your great head and pretty voice.’’ ‘‘It would, indeed,’’ said the Lion. ‘‘I am glad to find someone who under- stands my worth.’’ ‘‘You see, Brother Lion,’’ said the Jackal, ‘‘if I should get lost or killed the world would not miss me, but you, Brother Lion, you!’’ ‘‘Yes, Brother Jackal,’’ broke in the Lion, ‘‘my place could not be filled but do not take my greatness too seriously. You are worth a little, and that little should be saved.’’ ‘‘Brother Lion’’ continued the Jackal, ‘‘I would gladly give my whole self for your pleasure. You lie down here in the shade, keep cool and think great thoughts, while I take your spear and run down and kill the elephant that you have long desired to eat. When I have done so I will return and take you to it!’’ ‘‘Very good,’’ said the Lion. ‘‘You are kind and thoughtful. Take my spear and best wishes and be off. I can almost taste the feast now.’’ The Jackal took the spear, and in a short time had killed the elephant and covered the body with leaves. It then ran to another road, cut its finger and let the blood drip here and there for a great distance. Then it returned to the Lion and said: ‘‘Brother Lion, I almost lost my life in killing the elephant. Just go through yonder forest until you come to the straight road. By the elephant’s blood you can trace it to the spot where it fell. As soon as I rest