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Copyright © 2021 by ABC-CLIO, LLC All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Every reasonable effort has been made to trace the owners of copyright materials in this book, but in some instances this has proven impossible. The editors and publishers will be glad to receive information leading to more complete acknowledgments in subsequent printings of the book and in the meantime extend their apologies for any omissions. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: De Roche, Linda, editor. Title: Twentieth-century and contemporary American literature in context / Linda De Roche, editor. Description: [Santa Barbara, CA] : ABC-CLIO, [2021] | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020035359 (print) | LCCN 2020035360 (ebook) | ISBN 9781440853586 (set) | ISBN 9781440853609 (v. 1 hardcover) | ISBN 9781440853616 (v. 2 hardcover) | ISBN 9781440853623 (v. 3 hardcover) | ISBN 9781440853630 (v. 4 hardcover) | ISBN 9781440853593 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: American literature—20th century—Encyclopedias. | Authors, American—20th century—Encyclopedias. Classification: LCC PS221 .T94 2021 (print) | LCC PS221 (ebook) | DDC 810.9/005—dc23 LC record available at ­ https://​­lccn​.­loc​.­gov​/­2020035359 LC ebook record available at ­ https://​­lccn​.­loc​.­gov​/­2020035360 ISBN: 978-1-4408-5358-6 (set) 978-1-4408-5360-9 (vol. 1) 978-1-4408-5361-6 (vol. 2) 978-1-4408-5362-3 (vol. 3) 978-1-4408-5363-0 (vol. 4) 978-1-4408-5359-3 (ebook) 25 24 23 22 21 1 2 3 4 5 This book is also available as an eBook. ABC-CLIO An Imprint of ABC-CLIO, LLC ABC-CLIO, LLC 147 Castilian Drive Santa Barbara, California 93117 ­ www​.­abc​-­clio​.­com This book is printed on acid-free paper Manufactured in the United States of America