More Data, More Problems 7 Government Planning Boston’s Mayor Marty Walsh, for instance, uses real-time data for mea suring everything from shootings and potholes to building permits and edu- cation issues in order to promote his agenda for the city. Useful dashboards displayed in the mayor’s office show him important key performance indica- tors (KPIs) for the last 30 days so he is able to carefully benchmark goals as well as set reasonable expectations for future strategy (Hillenbrand, 2017). Walsh also has an instant glimpse into the various problems and issues that are the most pressing for this city of nearly 680,000 people. News and Media Consumption For good or bad, Big Data often determines what media and news is rec- ommended to people as they browse their newsfeed. For instance, services such as Twitter and Facebook suggest content mainly based on what is shared or talked about the most. The use of social media is important not only to determine which news gets the most attention. Journalists, in the reporting stage, often use social media data for reporting a story. They can, for example, use Twitter’s advanced search features for collecting posts from both a specific place and specific time. Sports The 2011 movie Moneyball, starring Brad Pitt and Jonah Hill, was among the first influences that placed mainstream attention on sports ana- lytics. Analytics play an increasingly important role in many professional sports. Major League Baseball statistics have always been a key part of the game in the United States. Nowadays, much data is made available on sports that librarians can curate and make available to patrons and students inter- ested in sports analytics. Most sport analytics deal with player personnel decisions and roster movements however, there is also a business aspect where data scientists can predict ticket pricing and sponsorship return on investment for the most in-demand games between two popular teams. Big Data and the Data Deluge Today, data is being produced at an unprecedented rate, spurred on by new technological advancements. First, we must understand where Big Data originates from and what types are available to researchers and society at large. It is important to note that machine learning, the Internet of Things (IoT), and the digitization of health care generate millions of gigabytes every second. Reports say data from the U.S. healthcare system alone reached, in 2011, 150 exabytes. At this rate of growth, big data for U.S. healthcare will soon reach the zettabyte (1021 gigabytes) scale and, not long after, the yottabyte (1024 gigabytes). (Raghupathi and Raghupathi, 2014, p. 2) Today, besides conventional data sources, there are various digital data sources such as social media, Google trends, data coming from satellites, among others. It is worth mentioning that such large amounts of data