Contents List of Tables, xi List of Figures, xiii Preface, xv 1 Background and History, 1 The Global Climate System: An Introduction, 1 The Carbon Cycle, 2 Energy Balance, 4 Human Influence on the Climate System, 5 Fossil Fuels and the Climate System, 5 Deforestation and Land-Use Change, 8 The Industrial Revolution and Population Growth, 9 Why Does Climate Change Matter? 10 Systems Impacted by Climate Change, 11 A History of Climate Change Science and Politics, 20 Climate Science Pioneers, 20 Scientific Tools Advance, 22 A History of Climate Change Policy, 24 Climate Change Enters U.S. Politics, 25 Climate Change and International Relations, 30 Summary and Conclusion, 36 References, 37 2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions, 43 Introduction, 43 Scientific Controversies, 44 Is the Science of Climate Change Credible? 45 How Do We Know the World Is Warming? 50 vii
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