x Contents Vegetarianism in the United States, 30 Utopian Communities, 30 The Food Reform Movement, 32 Vegetarian Organizations, 34 The Rise and Fall of Vegetarianism: 1890–1920, 35 The Resurgence of Vegetarianism, 37 Conclusion, 45 2 Problems, Issues, and Solutions, 61 Why a Vegetarian or Vegan, 62 Animal Rights, 63 Animal Rights versus Animal Welfare, 66 Humans and Other Animals, 68 Meat Substitutes, 70 Healthful Living, 72 Human Nutritional Requirements, 73 Carbohydrates, 73 Fats, 75 Proteins, 76 Vitamins, 78 Minerals, 84 Health and Longevity, 92 Paleo Diets, 102 Meat Allergies, 105 Environmental Effects, 107 Deforestation and Degradation of Land, 108 Air Pollution, 109
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